Ruby on Rails Mein API Banana: Asaan Steps Mein! 🚀

Namaste coders! Aaj hum seekhenge ki Ruby on Rails (RoR) mein ek simple RESTful API kaise banate hain, toh tension mat lo! 😄

Requirements:

1. Ruby + Rails installed (gem install rails)
2. Terminal/Command Prompt
3. Postman (API test karne ke liye)

Step 1: Naya Rails Project Banana (API Mode)

Sabse pehle, ek naya Rails project create karo jo sirf API ke liye optimized ho. Isme views aur frontend-related cheeze nahi hongi.

rails new blog_api --api -T

• --api: API-specific configuration
• -T: Skip Test Unit (agar aapko RSpec pasand hai toh skip karo)

Step 2: Database Setup

Maan lo hum Post model banane wale hain jiska title aur content hoga.

Migration File Create Karo:

cd blog_api
rails g model Post title:string content:text
rails db:create db:migrate

Step 3: Controller Banana

Ab ek controller banate hain jiske through API endpoints handle karenge.

rails g controller api/v1/posts

Why api/v1? Versioning ke liye! Future mein agar API update karni ho toh aasaan rahega.

Step 4: Controller Code (Edit app/controllers/api/v1/posts_controller.rb)

class Api::V1::PostsController < ApplicationController
  # GET /posts (Saare posts dikhao)
  def index
    posts = Post.all
    render json: posts
  end

  # GET /posts/:id (Single post dikhao)
  def show
    post = Post.find(params[:id])
    render json: post
  end

  # POST /posts (Naya post create karo)
  def create
    post = Post.new(post_params)
    if post.save
      render json: post, status: :created
    else
      render json: post.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity
    end
  end

  # PATCH/PUT /posts/:id (Update existing post)
  def update
    post = Post.find(params[:id])
    if post.update(post_params)
      render json: post
    else
      render json: post.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity
    end
  end

  # DELETE /posts/:id (Post delete karo)
  def destroy
    post = Post.find(params[:id])
    post.destroy
    head :no_content
  end

  private
  # Strong parameters (security ke liye)
  def post_params
    params.require(:post).permit(:title, :content)
  end
end

Step 5: Routes Setup (config/routes.rb)

API endpoints define karo:

Rails.application.routes.draw do
  namespace :api do
    namespace :v1 do
      resources :posts # auto-creates CRUD routes
    end
  end
end

Ye automatically generate karega routes:

• GET /api/v1/posts
• POST /api/v1/posts
• GET /api/v1/posts/:id
• PUT /api/v1/posts/:id
• DELETE /api/v1/posts/:id

Step 6: Server Start Karo!

rails s

Server chalta hoga http://localhost:3000 par.

Step 7: API Test Karein (Postman ke Saath)

1. GET Request:
   URL: http://localhost:3000/api/v1/posts
   Method: GET
2. POST Request (New Post):
   URL: http://localhost:3000/api/v1/posts
   Method: POST
   Body (raw JSON):

   {
     "post": {
       "title": "Mera Pehla Post",
       "content": "Rails API mast hai!"
     }
   }

3. Update/Delete:
   Similar, bas endpoint mein id daalni hai (e.g., /api/v1/posts/1).

Advanced Tips (Agar Time Ho Toh):

1. Authentication: devise gem ya JWT tokens use karo.
2. Serializers: Response ko customize karne ke liye active_model_serializers gem.
3. CORS: Agar frontend alag domain se ho, toh rack-cors gem setup karo.
4. Rate Limiting: rack-attack gem se API abuse rokho.

Galtiyon Se Bacho! ⚠️

• render json mein status codes sahi bhejo (e.g., :created for 201).
• Strong parameters (post_params) hamesha use karo.
• Versioning (v1) shuru se hi implement karo.

Final Output:
Aapka pura CRUD API tayyar hai! 🎉 Ab aap ise React, Angular, ya mobile app se connect kar sakte ho.

Koi doubt ho toh comment mein pucho! Happy Coding! 🙌
Rails FTW! 💎✨